what is passive intermodulation
Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a pernicious and destructive phenomenon for cellular network operators. PIM shows up as a set of unwanted signals created by mixing two or more strong RF signals. Mixing generally produces the sum and difference frequencies of the two transmit signals F1 and F2.
What is passive intermodulation?
Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a pernicious and destructive phenomenon for cellular network operators. PIM shows up as a set of unwanted signals created by mixing two or more strong RF signals. Mixing generally produces the sum and difference frequencies of the two transmit signals F1 and F2.
What causes intermodulation?
Intermodulation is caused by non-linear behaviour of the signal processing (physical equipment or even algorithms) being used. … The same nonlinear system will produce both total harmonic distortion (with a solitary sine wave input) and IMD (with more complex tones).
How can passive intermodulation be reduced?
For a wireless cellular network to achieve its full operating potential, each sector within the network must perform up to its design standard.
What is most likely to be the cause of PIM?
PIM comes from two or more strong RF signals mixing in a non linear device. These non linear devices, or junctions, occur in improperly tightened, damaged, or corroded connectors or in damaged antennas. Rusty components, such as mounts and bolts, are also suspect when hunting for sources of PIM.
What causes passive intermodulation?
Passive intermodulation occurs when two or more signals are present in a passive non-linear device or element. The signals will mix or multiply with each other to generate other signals that are related to the first ones. … Here oxidation or other effects may cause the generation of a non-linearity.
What is the meaning of intermodulation?
: the production in an electrical device of currents having frequencies equal to the sums and differences of frequencies supplied to the device or of their harmonics.
What is RF intermodulation?
Intermodulation is a phenomenon of combining undesired frequency components within an active system or from an external source. Combination of two or more signals will create another signal which may fall into another frequency band of the system and cause interference to the system.
What is meant by intermodulation products?
Term: Intermodulation distortion (audio) Definition: … When a non-linear device is subjected to a two-tone test signal, intermodulation products appear as sidebands around the high-frequency tone.
How do you calculate intermodulation?
The order of the intermodulation product depends on how many input signals are mixed and which harmonics of each of those input signals have mixed. Second-order and third-order intermodulation products are defined as follows. 2 f 1 + f 2 = f 6 f 1 + 2 f 2 = f 7 2 f 1 − f 2 = f 8 2 f 2 − f 1 = f 9 .
What is intermodulation mean in a transmitter?
— IM can occur when transmitters are in close proximity to each other. The signal from each transmitter generates IM products in the output stage …
What is passive interference modulation?
Lou Frenzel. Q: What is passive intermodulation (PIM)? A: PIM is the generation of interfering signals caused by nonlinearities in the mechanical components of a wireless system. Two signals mix together (amplitude modulation) to produce sum and difference signals and products within the same band, causing interference …
What causes PIM?
PIM occurs in antenna elements, coax connectors, coax cable, and grounds. It is caused by rust, corrosion, loose connections, dirt, oxidation, and any contamination of these factors. Even nearby metal objects such as guy wires and anchors, roof flashings, and pipes can cause PIM.
What is PIM in radio?
Passive Intermodulation (PIM) is a type of Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) that occurs in passive, non-linear components in wireless systems. … The unwanted signals generated by intermodulation or interference between the signals can be the sum and difference of those individual signals.
What is the effect of passive interference?
Passive intermodulation is a significant issue within the cellular industry and it is extremely difficult to troubleshoot. In cell communication systems, PIM can create interference and will reduce receiver sensitivity or may even inhibit communication completely.
How can PIM be minimized or eliminated?
The good news is that there are ways to minimize the impact of PIM in DAS. The obvious ones are to 1) avoid frequency combinations that place low order IM product(s) in Rx band(s); 2) reduce site Tx power, or 3) improve the linearity of the system.
How can passive intermodulation be reduced?
For a wireless cellular network to achieve its full operating potential, each sector within the network must perform up to its design standard.
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